Aage Bohr, Victor Weisskopf, Werner Heisenberg and Lise Meitner.
| Nummer | B765 |
| Type | Billeder |
| Beskrivelse | Aage Bohr, Victor Weisskopf, Werner Heisenberg and Lise Meitner at the Niels Bohr Memorial Conference, University of Copenhagen Institute for Theoretical Physics. (UITF - Universitetets Institut for Teoretisk Fysik). |
| Bemærkning | Aage Bohr (1922 – 2009) was the fourth son of Margrethe and Niels Bohr.
His physics studies were abruptly interrupted in 1943 when the family had to flee from the German-occupied Denmark. He followed his father to England and the United States, where he worked as his father's right hand, not only in physics, but also to a great degree in promoting the necessity of an 'open world' in the light of the existence of the atomic bomb. Back in Denmark he completed his physics studies and in 1950 he began a lifelong collaboration in Copenhagen with Ben Mottelson and the two shared the Nobel Prize for physics in 1975 with the American James Rainwater for their revolutionising work with nuclear structure. In 1956 he became professor in physics and after his father´s death in 1962 he was director of the institute and held this position until 1970. In this period, he continued the tradition of the institute as an international centre for theoretical physics. From 1975 to 1981 he was the director of the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Nordita), which was established in 1957 in association with the Niels Bohr Institute. Victor F. Weisskopf (1908 – 2002) was an Austrian Physicist. He was noted for his theoretical work in quantum electrodynamics, the structure of the atomic nucleus and elementary particle physics. But beyond his purely scientific accomplishments, he played a leading role in explaining science to the public. In the He earned his doctorate inphysics at the University of Göttingen in Germany in 1931. His brilliance in physics led to work with the great physicists exploring the atom, especially Niels Bohr, who mentored Weisskopf at his institute in Copenhagen. From 1937 to 1943 he was a Professor of Physics at the University of Rochester. He worked on the Manhattan project during World War II. After World War II, Weisskopf joined the physics faculty at MIT, ultimately becoming head of the department. He served as director-general of CERN from 1961 to 1966. Werner Karl Heisenberg (1901 - 1976) was a German physicist and philosopher who discovered (1925) a way to formulate quantum mechanics in terms of matrices. For that discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1932. In 1927 he published his uncertainty principle, upon which he built his philosophy and for which he is best known. In 1923 he took his Ph.D. at the University of Munich and then became Assistant to Max Born at the University of Göttingen. In 1926 he was appointed Lecturer in Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen under Niels Bohr and in 1927 he was appointed Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Leipzig. In 1941 he was appointed Professor of Physics at the University of Berlin and Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics there. He led the “Uranverein” or “Uranium Club” working on the German atomic bomb project. At the end of the Second World War he, and other German physicists, were taken prisoner by American troops and sent to England, but in 1946 he returned to Germany and reorganized, with his colleagues, the Institute for Physics at Göttingen. This Institute was, in 1948, renamed the Max Planck Institute for Physics. During 1955 Heisenberg was occupied with preparations for the removal of the Max Planck Institute for Physics to Munich. Still Director of this Institute, he went with it to Munich and in 1958 he was appointed Professor of Physics at the University of Munich. Lise Meitner (1878 - 1968) was an Austrian physicist. She obtained her doctorate degree in 1906 at the University of Vienna. She went to Berlin in 1907 to study with Max Planck and the chemist Otto Hahn. She worked together with Hahn for 30 years, studying radioactivity, with her knowledge of physics and his knowledge of chemistry. In 1923, Meitner discovered the radiationless transition known as the Auger effect , which is named for Pierre Victor Auger, a French scientist who discovered the effect two years later. After Austria was annexed by Germany in 1938, Meitner was forced to flee Germany for Sweden. Hahn and Meitner met clandestinely in Copenhagen in November 1938 to plan a new round of experiments. The experiments that provided the evidence for nuclear fission were done at Hahn's laboratory in Berlin and published in January 1939. In February 1939, Meitner published the physical explanation for the observations and, with her nephew, physicist Otto Frisch, named the process nuclear fission. The discovery led other scientists to prompt Albert Einstein to write President Franklin D. Roosevelt a warning letter, which led to the Manhattan Project. In 1944, Hahn was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his research into fission, but Meitner was ignored . Meitner retired to Cambridge, England, in 1960.In 1992, element 109, the heaviest known element in the universe, was named Meitnerium (Mt) in her honour. From 1965, the University of Copenhagen Institute for Theoretical Physics. (UITF - Universitetets Institut for Teoretisk Fysik) was renamed the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI). |
| Årstal | 1963 |
| Dateringsnote | The picture is taken during the Niels Bohr Memorial Conference |
| Fotograf | Ukendt |
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| Arkiv | Niels Bohr Archive |
